{"id":41,"date":"2014-04-03T23:30:18","date_gmt":"2014-04-03T19:30:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pro-babochek.ru\/?p=41"},"modified":"2020-11-04T18:50:28","modified_gmt":"2020-11-04T14:50:28","slug":"estructura","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pro-babochek.ru\/es\/estructura","title":{"rendered":"Estructura de mariposa"},"content":{"rendered":"

Muchas caracter\u00edsticas de las mariposas son muy peculiares y no se encuentran en otros insectos. Los m\u00e1s caracter\u00edsticos de ellos son el aparato bucal chupador y la cubierta escamosa de las alas. La gran mayor\u00eda de las mariposas tienen estos dos rasgos. En los casos en que uno de ellos est\u00e1 ausente, el otro siempre est\u00e1 presente.<\/p>\n

\"C\u00f3mo<\/p>\n

Los \u00f3rganos bucales, inherentes a muchos otros insectos, no se encuentran en las mariposas: el labio superior, la mand\u00edbula superior y el labio inferior est\u00e1n ausentes o apenas se distinguen. Pero las mand\u00edbulas inferiores, por el contrario, son muy alargadas y, unidas entre s\u00ed solo en los bordes, forman un tubo hueco. El insecto succiona n\u00e9ctar u otro alimento l\u00edquido con la ayuda de esta prob\u00f3scide. En este caso, el papel de la bomba lo desempe\u00f1an m\u00fasculos especiales ubicados a los lados. Al enderezarse debido a la inyecci\u00f3n de l\u00edquido sangu\u00edneo, la prob\u00f3scide el\u00e1stica se retuerce en espiral cuando fluye hacia atr\u00e1s.<\/p>\n

Hay pocas desviaciones en la estructura de los \u00f3rganos orales en las mariposas. Por ejemplo, en una antigua familia de polillas dentadas, en lugar de una prob\u00f3scide, se conservan las mand\u00edbulas superiores (mand\u00edbulas). Con su ayuda, estos insectos roen las c\u00e1scaras de los granos de polen, de los que se alimentan.<\/p>\n

Representantes de las familias del gusano del capullo, corydalis, gusano del saco, as\u00ed como algunos ojos de pavo real<\/a> Como adultos, no comen nada. La energ\u00eda para la vida les es dada por el stock de grasa acumulado en la etapa de la larva. El aparato bucal de estas mariposas disminuye de tama\u00f1o (se reduce) y se vuelve inoperante. Finalmente, en varios lepid\u00f3pteros nocturnos, la prob\u00f3scide es puntiaguda en el extremo, equipada con un cepillo de pelos largos y sirve como herramienta de perforaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

El descuido con el que las mariposas revolotean de flor en flor es solo una ilusi\u00f3n. Los insectos adultos, que se alimentan principalmente de n\u00e9ctar, tienen que buscar "sus" plantas. De hecho, para obtener un hueso dulce escondido en las profundidades de la corola, se debe tener una prob\u00f3scide del tama\u00f1o apropiado. Alguno polillas halc\u00f3n<\/a> es tan grande que excede la longitud del cuerpo. Y el poseedor del r\u00e9cord mundial es uno de los halcones de Madagascar con una prob\u00f3scide de 30 cent\u00edmetros. Es esta profundidad la que tiene la corola de la orqu\u00eddea polinizada por esta mariposa.<\/p>\n

En t\u00e9rminos generales, las flores de clavel y de orqu\u00eddea s\u00f3lo pueden depender de los lepid\u00f3pteros para la polinizaci\u00f3n cruzada. Sin embargo, el n\u00e9ctar no es el \u00fanico alimento de las mariposas. Tambi\u00e9n les atraen mucho los jugos dulces que proceden de las heridas o grietas de las plantas, as\u00ed como los que se forman durante la pudrici\u00f3n de la fruta. Por extra\u00f1o que parezca, muchas de las mariposas m\u00e1s hermosas prefieren los excrementos e incluso los tejidos de los cad\u00e1veres de animales en descomposici\u00f3n al n\u00e9ctar, siempre que estos manjares est\u00e9n licuados. En la fauna de nuestro pa\u00eds, estos gustos inusuales los poseen las mariposas: peredivnitsa, palomas<\/span><\/a>, Lejano este Macaones guapos Maaka<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Las mariposas tambi\u00e9n necesitan mucho las sales minerales y, a veces, las acumulan en grandes cantidades en los lugares donde salen a la superficie. Aunque todos los insectos tienen seis patas, algunos especies<\/a> mariposas, el par de extremidades delanteras est\u00e1 atrofiado y se mueven solo en cuatro patas.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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