{"id":41,"date":"2014-04-03T23:30:18","date_gmt":"2014-04-03T19:30:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pro-babochek.ru\/?p=41"},"modified":"2020-11-04T18:50:28","modified_gmt":"2020-11-04T14:50:28","slug":"struktura","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pro-babochek.ru\/cs\/struktura","title":{"rendered":"Struktura mot\u00fdla"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mnoho znak\u016f mot\u00fdl\u016f je velmi zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch a u jin\u00e9ho hmyzu se nevyskytuj\u00ed. Nejcharakteristi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z nich je sac\u00ed \u00fastn\u00ed apar\u00e1t a \u0161upinat\u00fd obal k\u0159\u00eddel. Naprost\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina mot\u00fdl\u016f m\u00e1 ob\u011b tyto vlastnosti. V p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy jeden z nich chyb\u00ed, druh\u00fd je v\u017edy p\u0159\u00edtomen.<\/p>\n

\"Jak<\/p>\n

\u00dastn\u00ed org\u00e1ny, kter\u00e9 jsou vlastn\u00ed mnoha dal\u0161\u00edm druh\u016fm hmyzu, se u mot\u00fdl\u016f nenach\u00e1zej\u00ed: horn\u00ed ret, horn\u00ed \u010delist a spodn\u00ed ret bu\u010f chyb\u00ed v\u016fbec, nebo jsou jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed rozeznateln\u00e9. Spodn\u00ed \u010delisti jsou v\u0161ak naopak velmi siln\u011b prot\u00e1hl\u00e9 a p\u0159il\u00e9haj\u00edc\u00ed k sob\u011b pouze na okraj\u00edch tvo\u0159\u00ed dutou trubku. Hmyz pomoc\u00ed tohoto sos\u00e1ku saje nektar nebo jinou tekutou potravu. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b hraj\u00ed roli \u010derpadla speci\u00e1ln\u00ed svaly um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 po jeho stran\u00e1ch. Nap\u0159\u00edmen\u00ed v d\u016fsledku vst\u0159ikov\u00e1n\u00ed krevn\u00ed tekutiny se elastick\u00e1 proboscis p\u0159i zp\u011btn\u00e9m toku st\u00e1\u010d\u00ed do spir\u00e1ly.<\/p>\n

Ve stavb\u011b \u00fastn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f je u mot\u00fdl\u016f m\u00e1lo odchylek. Nap\u0159\u00edklad u starov\u011bk\u00e9 \u010deledi zubat\u00fdch m\u016fr jsou m\u00edsto sos\u00e1ku zachov\u00e1ny horn\u00ed \u010delisti - kusadla. S jejich pomoc\u00ed tento hmyz prokous\u00e1v\u00e1 sko\u0159\u00e1pky pylov\u00fdch zrn, kter\u00fdmi se \u017eiv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1stupci \u010deled\u00ed kokonovit\u00fdch, corydalis, vakovit\u00fdch, ale i n\u011bkter\u00fdch pav\u00ed o\u010di<\/a> Jako dosp\u011bl\u00ed nejed\u00ed v\u016fbec. Energii pro \u017eivot jim dod\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1soba tuku nashrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e1 ve st\u00e1diu larvy. \u00dastn\u00ed apar\u00e1t t\u011bchto mot\u00fdl\u016f se zmen\u0161uje (zmen\u0161uje) a st\u00e1v\u00e1 se nefunk\u010dn\u00edm. Kone\u010dn\u011b u \u0159ady no\u010dn\u00edch Lepidoptera je sos\u00e1k \u0161pi\u010dat\u00fd na konci, vybaven\u00fd kart\u00e1\u010dem dlouh\u00fdch chlup\u016f a slou\u017e\u00ed jako propichovac\u00ed n\u00e1stroj.<\/p>\n

Bezstarostnost, s jakou mot\u00fdli poletuj\u00ed z kv\u011btu na kv\u011bt, je jen iluze. Dosp\u011bl\u00fd hmyz, \u017eiv\u00edc\u00ed se p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b nektarem, mus\u00ed \u201esv\u00e9\u201c rostliny hledat. Ve skute\u010dnosti, aby \u010dlov\u011bk z\u00edskal sladkou kost ukrytou v hlubin\u00e1ch koruny, mus\u00ed m\u00edt proboscis odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed velikosti. N\u011bjak\u00fd jest\u0159\u00e1b\u00ed m\u016fry<\/a> je tak velk\u00fd, \u017ee p\u0159esahuje d\u00e9lku t\u011bla. A sv\u011btov\u00fdm rekordmanem je jeden z madagaskarsk\u00fdch jest\u0159\u00e1b\u016f s 30centimetrov\u00fdm proboscis. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tuto hloubku m\u00e1 koruna orchideje opylovan\u00e9 t\u00edmto mot\u00fdlem.<\/p>\n

Obecn\u011b lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee kv\u011bty karafi\u00e1t\u016f a orchidej\u00ed se mohou p\u0159i k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9m opylen\u00ed spol\u00e9hat pouze na Lepidoptera. Nektar v\u0161ak nen\u00ed jedinou potravou pro mot\u00fdly. Velmi je p\u0159itahuj\u00ed i sladk\u00e9 \u0161\u0165\u00e1vy uvol\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed se z ran nebo prasklin rostlin a tak\u00e9 ty, kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed p\u0159i hnij\u00edc\u00edch plodech. A\u010d se to m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed, mnoz\u00ed z nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch mot\u00fdl\u016f d\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ednost exkrement\u016fm a dokonce i tk\u00e1n\u00edm rozkl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edch se zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edch mrtvol p\u0159ed nektarem, pokud jsou tyto pochoutky zkapaln\u011bn\u00e9. Ve faun\u011b na\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b maj\u00ed mot\u00fdli tak neobvykl\u00e9 chut\u011b, holubi<\/span><\/a>, D\u00e1ln\u00fd v\u00fdchod hezk\u00fd machaoni Maaka<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Mot\u00fdli tak\u00e9 opravdu pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed miner\u00e1ln\u00ed soli a n\u011bkdy se ve velk\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed hromad\u00ed na t\u011bch m\u00edstech, kde se dostanou na povrch. P\u0159esto\u017ee je v\u0161echen hmyz \u0161estinoh\u00fd, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed druh<\/a> mot\u00fdli, p\u0159edn\u00ed p\u00e1r kon\u010detin je atrofov\u00e1n a pohybuj\u00ed se pouze po \u010dty\u0159ech noh\u00e1ch.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mnoho znak\u016f mot\u00fdl\u016f je velmi zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch a u jin\u00e9ho hmyzu se nevyskytuj\u00ed. Nejcharakteristi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z nich je sac\u00ed \u00fastn\u00ed apar\u00e1t a \u0161upinat\u00fd obal k\u0159\u00eddel. Naprost\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina mot\u00fdl\u016f m\u00e1 ob\u011b tyto vlastnosti. Ve stejn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy [\u2026]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":287,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"crb-meta-links":"","crb-meta-show":"","crb-meta-show-edited":"","crb-meta-use-manual":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-41","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-articles"},"yoast_head":"\u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pro-babochek.ru\/cs\/struktura\" \/>\n<meta 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