{"id":22737,"date":"2023-07-07T04:21:28","date_gmt":"2023-07-07T00:21:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pro-babochek.ru\/volshebnye-mehanizmy-opticheskoy-zaschity-v-krylyah-baboch"},"modified":"2023-07-07T04:21:28","modified_gmt":"2023-07-07T00:21:28","slug":"volshebnye-mehanizmy-opticheskoy-zaschity-v-krylyah-baboch","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pro-babochek.ru\/cs\/volshebnye-mehanizmy-opticheskoy-zaschity-v-krylyah-baboch","title":{"rendered":"Magick\u00e9 optick\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 mechanismy v mot\u00fdl\u00edch k\u0159\u00eddlech: neobvykl\u00e1 tajemstv\u00ed odhalen\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edrodou"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u00da\u017easn\u00e9<\/p>\n

Mot\u00fdli jsou jedni z nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a nej\u00fa\u017easn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch tvor\u016f v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b a jejich k\u0159\u00eddla jsou skute\u010dn\u00fdm um\u011bleck\u00fdm d\u00edlem. Ale kr\u00e1sa mot\u00fdl\u016f nen\u00ed jen v jejich jasn\u00fdch a syt\u00fdch barv\u00e1ch, ale tak\u00e9 v jejich schopnosti br\u00e1nit se p\u0159ed pred\u00e1tory pomoc\u00ed optick\u00fdch klam\u016f.<\/p>\n

Optick\u00e9 ochrany v ope\u0159en\u00ed mot\u00fdl\u016f je dosa\u017eeno d\u00edky speci\u00e1ln\u00ed struktu\u0159e k\u0159\u00eddel. Na povrchu mot\u00fdl\u00edch k\u0159\u00eddel jsou mikroskopick\u00e9 \u0161upiny, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed strukturu. Tyto \u0161upiny mohou b\u00fdt pokryty \u010detn\u00fdmi mikronov\u00fdmi v\u00fdb\u011b\u017eky, kter\u00e9 rozptyluj\u00ed sv\u011btlo a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed efekt pokryt\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddel tenkou vrstvou prachu.<\/p>\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy mot\u00fdl\u016f maj\u00ed nav\u00edc na povrchu k\u0159\u00eddel speci\u00e1ln\u00ed reflexn\u00ed vrstvy. Tyto vrstvy vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed sv\u011btelnou interferenci a v\u00fdsledkem jsou jasn\u00e9 a z\u00e1\u0159iv\u00e9 barvy na k\u0159\u00eddlech. Tyto barvy se mohou m\u011bnit v z\u00e1vislosti na \u00fahlu pohledu, co\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed efekt estetick\u00e9 p\u0159ita\u017elivosti a vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed ochrany p\u0159ed pred\u00e1tory.<\/p>\n

\u00da\u017easn\u00e9 optick\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 mechanismy<\/h2>\n

Mot\u00fdli jsou \u00fa\u017easn\u00e1 stvo\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 nejen pot\u011b\u0161\u00ed oko svou kr\u00e1sou, ale maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 jedine\u010dn\u00e9 optick\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 mechanismy. Jedn\u00edm z takov\u00fdch mechanism\u016f je efekt \u201efotonick\u00e9ho krystalu\u201c.<\/p>\n

Fotonick\u00fd krystal je speci\u00e1ln\u00ed struktura sest\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed z mnoha mikroskopick\u00fdch prvk\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1ny v ur\u010dit\u00e9m po\u0159ad\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b d\u00edky t\u00e9to struktu\u0159e jsou mot\u00fdli schopni odr\u00e1\u017eet sv\u011btlo ur\u010dit\u00fdch vlnov\u00fdch d\u00e9lek, co\u017e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek jejich charakteristick\u00e9 jasn\u00e9 barvy.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm \u00fa\u017easn\u00fdm mechanismem optick\u00e9 ochrany je \u201edifrak\u010dn\u00ed\u201c efekt. D\u00edky tomuto efektu se sv\u011btlo dopadaj\u00edc\u00ed na povrch mot\u00fdl\u00edho ope\u0159en\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed a odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch sm\u011brech a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed tak jedine\u010dn\u00e9 optick\u00e9 efekty.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b toho maj\u00ed mot\u00fdli je\u0161t\u011b jeden zaj\u00edmav\u00fd obrann\u00fd mechanismus \u2013 superhydrofobicitu. Pe\u0159\u00ed mot\u00fdl\u016f je pokryto tenkou vrstvou vosku, kter\u00fd odpuzuje vodu a dal\u0161\u00ed tekutiny. D\u00edky tomu mohou mot\u00fdli l\u00e9tat i v de\u0161ti, ani\u017e by se b\u00e1li, \u017ee jim navlhne pe\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee optick\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 mechanismy v ope\u0159en\u00ed mot\u00fdl\u016f jsou skute\u010dn\u00fdmi mistrovsk\u00fdmi d\u00edly p\u0159\u00edrody. Nejen, \u017ee pom\u00e1haj\u00ed mot\u00fdl\u016fm p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt a chr\u00e1nit se p\u0159ed nebezpe\u010d\u00edm, ale tak\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9 a barevn\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 p\u0159itahuj\u00ed na\u0161i pozornost a obdiv.<\/p>\n

Mot\u00fdl\u00ed pe\u0159\u00ed<\/h2>\n

Mot\u00fdl\u00ed pe\u0159\u00ed<\/strong> je jedine\u010dn\u00fd a kr\u00e1sn\u00fd mechanismus, kter\u00fd pln\u00ed n\u011bkolik funkc\u00ed. Nejen\u017ee d\u00e1v\u00e1 mot\u00fdl\u016fm barvu a rozmanitost, ale tak\u00e9 hraje ochrannou roli a pom\u00e1h\u00e1 jim p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt v drsn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n

Pe\u0159\u00ed mot\u00fdl\u016f se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z mnoha drobn\u00fdch \u0161upinek, kter\u00e9 jim dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed jasnou barvu a jedine\u010dn\u00fd vzor. Tyto \u0161upiny mohou m\u00edt r\u016fzn\u00e9 tvary a velikosti, co\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed jedine\u010dnou kr\u00e1su ope\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pe\u0159\u00ed mot\u00fdl\u016f v\u0161ak nejen vizu\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159itahuje pozornost, ale m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 vlastnosti. N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy mot\u00fdl\u016f maj\u00ed pe\u0159\u00ed s kovov\u00fdm leskem, kter\u00e9 odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed sv\u011btlo a \u010din\u00ed je pro dravce neviditeln\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b toho m\u016f\u017ee ope\u0159en\u00ed mot\u00fdl\u016f slou\u017eit jako mimikry. N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy mot\u00fdl\u016f maj\u00ed ope\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 napodobuje jin\u00fd nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd nebo nepo\u017eivateln\u00fd hmyz. Tato mimika pom\u00e1h\u00e1 mot\u00fdl\u016fm vyh\u00fdbat se \u00fatok\u016fm pred\u00e1tor\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed je pova\u017euj\u00ed za nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Jako termoregulace m\u016f\u017ee slou\u017eit i ope\u0159en\u00ed mot\u00fdl\u016f. Mezi \u0161upinami vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed vrstvu vzduchu, kter\u00e1 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 udr\u017eet teplo a chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed chladem. To je zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro mot\u00fdly, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eij\u00ed v chladn\u00e9m klimatu.<\/p>\n

Tajemstv\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrody<\/h2>\n

\u00da\u017easn\u00e9 optick\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 mechanismy v mot\u00fdl\u00edm pe\u0159\u00ed<\/h3>\n

P\u0159\u00edroda vytvo\u0159ila neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 optick\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 mechanismy v ope\u0159en\u00ed mot\u00fdl\u016f. N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy mot\u00fdl\u016f maj\u00ed schopnost odr\u00e1\u017eet a rozptylovat sv\u011btlo takov\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, \u017ee jejich k\u0159\u00eddla vypadaj\u00ed neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b jasn\u00e1 a syt\u00e1 barva. To umo\u017e\u0148uje mot\u00fdl\u016fm p\u0159edst\u00edrat nebezpe\u010dnost pro pred\u00e1tory a tak\u00e9 p\u0159itahuje pozornost partner\u016f chovu.<\/p>\n

Mikroskopick\u00e9 trny na listech rostlin<\/h3>\n

\"Mikroskopick\u00e9<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm z \u00fa\u017easn\u00fdch mechanism\u016f p\u0159\u00edrody jsou mikroskopick\u00e9 ostny, kter\u00e9 lze nal\u00e9zt na listech n\u011bkter\u00fdch rostlin. Tyto ostny slou\u017e\u00ed jako obrana proti b\u00fdlo\u017eravc\u016fm, proto\u017ee vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed nepohodl\u00ed, kdy\u017e se sna\u017e\u00ed kousat nebo j\u00edst listy. Tento obrann\u00fd mechanismus umo\u017e\u0148uje rostlin\u00e1m p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt a udr\u017eet si \u017eivotaschopnost v drsn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Komplexn\u00ed obrann\u00e9 syst\u00e9my u zv\u00ed\u0159at<\/h3>\n

P\u0159\u00edroda m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 slo\u017eit\u00e9 obrann\u00e9 syst\u00e9my u r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f. N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed otravu k odvr\u00e1cen\u00ed pred\u00e1tor\u016f, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e9 maj\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9 maskovac\u00ed schopnosti. N\u011bkter\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata nav\u00edc dok\u00e1\u017eou vytv\u00e1\u0159et zvukov\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly, kter\u00fdmi varuj\u00ed p\u0159ed svou p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed nebo p\u0159itahuj\u00ed pozornost ostatn\u00edch sv\u00e9ho druhu. Tyto obrann\u00e9 mechanismy pom\u00e1haj\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at\u016fm p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt a chr\u00e1nit se v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b.<\/p>\n

Vlastnosti stavby a chov\u00e1n\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at<\/h3>\n

\"Vlastnosti<\/p>\n

Pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm zv\u00ed\u0159at se m\u016f\u017eeme dozv\u011bd\u011bt mnoho zaj\u00edmav\u00e9ho o p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b a jej\u00edch tajemstv\u00edch. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tnosti jejich struktury a chov\u00e1n\u00ed jim umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsobit se r\u016fzn\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad \u017eirafy maj\u00ed dlouh\u00e9 krky, kter\u00e9 jim umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed dos\u00e1hnout na potravu na horn\u00edch v\u011btv\u00edch strom\u016f, a chameleoni dok\u00e1\u017eou zm\u011bnit barvu sv\u00e9 k\u016f\u017ee, aby se maskovali nebo vyjad\u0159ovali emoce.<\/p>\n

\u00daloha optick\u00e9 ochrany<\/h2>\n

Optick\u00e1 ochrana p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e1 v ope\u0159en\u00ed mot\u00fdl\u016f hraje d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v jejich p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed a ochran\u011b p\u0159ed pred\u00e1tory. Rozmanitost optick\u00fdch obrann\u00fdch mechanism\u016f mot\u00fdl\u016f jim umo\u017e\u0148uje \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b skr\u00fdt nebo odvr\u00e1tit pozornost pred\u00e1tor\u016f a zajistit jejich bezpe\u010dnost.<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch mechanism\u016f optick\u00e9 ochrany je mimikry. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed mot\u00fdli maj\u00ed ope\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 napodobuje jejich prost\u0159ed\u00ed tak bl\u00edzko, \u017ee je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nemo\u017en\u00e9 rozeznat je od pozad\u00ed. To jim umo\u017e\u0148uje efektivn\u011b se schovat p\u0159ed pred\u00e1tory a vyhnout se nebezpe\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm mechanismem optick\u00e9 ochrany je aposition. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed mot\u00fdli maj\u00ed sv\u011btl\u00e9, kontrastn\u00ed ope\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed jako varov\u00e1n\u00ed pred\u00e1tor\u016fm, \u017ee jsou jedovat\u00ed nebo maj\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edjemnou chu\u0165. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem mot\u00fdli varuj\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed pred\u00e1tory p\u0159ed jejich nebezpe\u010d\u00edm, co\u017e je nut\u00ed opustit my\u0161lenku \u00fatoku.<\/p>\n

N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed mot\u00fdli maj\u00ed nav\u00edc na ope\u0159en\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed struktury, kter\u00e9 odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed nebo l\u00e1mou sv\u011btlo a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed tak \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 optick\u00e9 iluze. To m\u016f\u017ee zahrnovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 odst\u00edny, pruhy, skvrny nebo dokonce zv\u00fdrazn\u011bn\u00ed. Takov\u00e9 optick\u00e9 efekty mohou zm\u00e1st dravce a znesnadnit jim orientaci, co\u017e umo\u017en\u00ed mot\u00fdl\u016fm uniknout z nebezpe\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Obrann\u00e9 mechanismy v ope\u0159en\u00ed<\/h2>\n

\"Obrann\u00e9<\/p>\n

Mot\u00fdli maj\u00ed v ope\u0159en\u00ed \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9 obrann\u00e9 mechanismy, kter\u00e9 jim pom\u00e1haj\u00ed p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt a chr\u00e1nit se p\u0159ed pred\u00e1tory.<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z t\u011bchto mechanism\u016f je maskov\u00e1n\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy mot\u00fdl\u016f maj\u00ed pe\u0159\u00ed s barevn\u00fdmi skvrnami a vzory, kter\u00e9 jim pom\u00e1haj\u00ed splynout s okol\u00edm. Nap\u0159\u00edklad mot\u00fdli, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eij\u00ed v lesn\u00ed vegetaci, mohou m\u00edt ope\u0159en\u00ed se vzorem podobn\u00fdm list\u016fm nebo k\u016f\u0159e strom\u016f. Tato kamufl\u00e1\u017e jim umo\u017e\u0148uje efektivn\u011b se schov\u00e1vat p\u0159ed nep\u0159\u00e1teli.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm obrann\u00fdm mechanismem je imitace. N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy mot\u00fdl\u016f maj\u00ed pe\u0159\u00ed, kter\u00e9 napodobuje nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pred\u00e1tory, jako jsou pt\u00e1ci nebo je\u0161t\u011brky. Mohou m\u00edt jasn\u00e9 barvy a vzory, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata. Tato imitace nut\u00ed dravce myslet si, \u017ee mot\u00fdli jsou nebezpe\u010dn\u00ed a pro n\u011b hrozbou, co\u017e odv\u00e1d\u00ed jejich pozornost a chr\u00e1n\u00ed mot\u00fdly.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm obrann\u00fdm mechanismem je schopnost mot\u00fdl\u016f m\u011bnit barvu ope\u0159en\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy mot\u00fdl\u016f mohou m\u011bnit svou barvu v z\u00e1vislosti na podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i zm\u011bn\u011b osv\u011btlen\u00ed nebo teploty se ope\u0159en\u00ed mot\u00fdl\u016f m\u016f\u017ee zm\u011bnit ze sv\u011btl\u00e9ho a bohat\u00e9ho na sv\u011btl\u00e9 a nen\u00e1padn\u00e9. Tato schopnost jim umo\u017e\u0148uje l\u00e9pe se p\u0159izp\u016fsobit prost\u0159ed\u00ed a skr\u00fdvat se p\u0159ed nep\u0159\u00e1teli.<\/p>\n

Jedine\u010dn\u00e9 vlastnosti mot\u00fdl\u016f<\/h2>\n

\"Jedine\u010dn\u00e9<\/p>\n

1. Rozmanitost barev<\/h3>\n

Mot\u00fdli ohromuj\u00ed svou neuv\u011b\u0159itelnou rozmanitost\u00ed barev. Mohou b\u00fdt sv\u011btl\u00e9 a barevn\u00e9, kombinovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 odst\u00edny a barvy. N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy mot\u00fdl\u016f jsou tak pest\u0159e zbarven\u00e9, \u017ee p\u0159itahuj\u00ed pozornost a slou\u017e\u00ed jako sign\u00e1l nebezpe\u010d\u00ed pro pred\u00e1tory.<\/p>\n

2. Jedine\u010dn\u00e9 vzory na k\u0159\u00eddlech<\/h3>\n

K\u0159\u00eddla mot\u00fdl\u016f jsou zdobena r\u016fzn\u00fdmi vzory a vzory, kter\u00e9 jim pom\u00e1haj\u00ed oklamat nep\u0159\u00e1tele a zm\u00e1st dravce. N\u011bkter\u00e9 vzory na mot\u00fdl\u00edch k\u0159\u00eddlech jsou takzvan\u00e9 \u201eo\u010dn\u00ed skvrny\u201c, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed iluzi v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed velikosti a odv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed pozornost pred\u00e1tor\u016f od zraniteln\u00fdch oblast\u00ed.<\/p>\n

3. Let a man\u00e9vrovatelnost<\/h3>\n

\"3.<\/p>\n

Mot\u00fdli maj\u00ed jedine\u010dnou schopnost l\u00e9tat a man\u00e9vrovat ve vzduchu. Mohou se hladce a plynule houpat, rychle m\u011bnit sm\u011br letu a dokonce se ve vzduchu zastavit. To jim umo\u017e\u0148uje vyhnout se nebezpe\u010d\u00ed a naj\u00edt potravu.<\/p>\n

4. Citlivost na pachy<\/h3>\n

\"4.<\/p>\n

Mot\u00fdli maj\u00ed velmi vyvinut\u00fd \u010dich, d\u00edky kter\u00e9mu dok\u00e1\u017eou naj\u00edt kv\u011btiny a dal\u0161\u00ed rostliny, kter\u00fdmi se \u017eiv\u00ed. Jsou schopni detekovat pachy na velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti a n\u00e1sledovat je, aby na\u0161li zdroj potravy.<\/p>\n

5. Metamorf\u00f3za<\/h3>\n

Jednou z nejunik\u00e1tn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vlastnost\u00ed mot\u00fdl\u016f je jejich schopnost podstoupit proces metamorf\u00f3zy. Za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed sv\u016fj \u017eivot jako housenka, kter\u00e1 se nakonec prom\u011bn\u00ed v kuklu a pot\u00e9 v kr\u00e1sn\u00e9ho mot\u00fdla. Tento proces je \u00fa\u017easn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem transformace a p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed se prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n

P\u016fsobiv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady<\/h2>\n

\"P\u016fsobiv\u00e9<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm p\u016fsobiv\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem optick\u00e9 obrany v ope\u0159en\u00ed mot\u00fdl\u016f je mechanismus, kter\u00fd jim umo\u017e\u0148uje oklamat sv\u00e9 pred\u00e1tory. N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy mot\u00fdl\u016f maj\u00ed na b\u00e1zi k\u0159\u00eddel zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed skvrny nebo pruhy, kter\u00e9 p\u0159i ur\u010dit\u00e9m \u00fahlu pohledu vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed iluzi pohybu. To umo\u017e\u0148uje mot\u00fdl\u016fm odvr\u00e1tit pozornost pred\u00e1tora a uniknout.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm p\u016fsobiv\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem je efekt \u201efantomov\u00e9ho k\u0159\u00eddla\u201c pozorovan\u00fd u n\u011bkter\u00fdch druh\u016f mot\u00fdl\u016f. Kdy\u017e je mot\u00fdl v klidu, m\u00e1 zav\u0159en\u00e1 k\u0159\u00eddla a vypad\u00e1 jako oby\u010dejn\u00fd mot\u00fdl. Kdy\u017e v\u0161ak rozvine sv\u00e1 k\u0159\u00eddla, objev\u00ed se na nich jasn\u00fd vzor, kter\u00fd byl d\u0159\u00edve neviditeln\u00fd. To vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed iluzi, \u017ee mot\u00fdl je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, co\u017e odrad\u00ed pred\u00e1tory.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm \u00fa\u017easn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem optick\u00e9 ochrany v ope\u0159en\u00ed mot\u00fdl\u016f je princip \u201ezrcadlov\u00e9ho odrazu\u201c. N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy mot\u00fdl\u016f maj\u00ed na k\u0159\u00eddlech mikroskopick\u00e9 struktury, kter\u00e9 odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed sv\u011btlo pod ur\u010dit\u00fdmi \u00fahly. To vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed zrcadlov\u00fd efekt a mot\u00fdli jsou pro dravce neviditeln\u00ed, kdy\u017e spl\u00fdvaj\u00ed se sv\u00fdm okol\u00edm.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mot\u00fdli jsou jedni z nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a nej\u00fa\u017easn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch tvor\u016f v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b a jejich k\u0159\u00eddla jsou skute\u010dn\u00fdm um\u011bleck\u00fdm d\u00edlem. Ale kr\u00e1sa mot\u00fdl\u016f nen\u00ed jen v jejich jasn\u00fdch a syt\u00fdch barv\u00e1ch, ale tak\u00e9 v jejich schopnosti se br\u00e1nit [\u2026]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":27864,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"crb-meta-links":"","crb-meta-show":"","crb-meta-show-edited":"","crb-meta-use-manual":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-22737","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-blog"},"yoast_head":"\u0423\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u044b \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a - \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0411\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 - 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