<\/p>\n
<\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>F\u00e1ze v\u00fdvoje mot\u00fdla na obr\u00e1zc\u00edch je \u00fa\u017easn\u00e1 a vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed pod\u00edvan\u00e1, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee zaujmout i ty nejmen\u0161\u00ed d\u011bti. Ka\u017ed\u00fd mot\u00fdl proch\u00e1z\u00ed n\u011bkolika f\u00e1zemi v\u00fdvoje - od vaj\u00ed\u010dka po dosp\u011bl\u00fd hmyz.<\/p>\n<p>Prvn\u00ed f\u00e1z\u00ed je vaj\u00ed\u010dko. Vejce mot\u00fdl\u016f maj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 tvary a barvy a ka\u017ed\u00fd druh m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9 vlastnosti. N\u011bkter\u00e1 vejce mohou b\u00fdt kulat\u00e1 a hladk\u00e1, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e1 mohou b\u00fdt ov\u00e1ln\u00e1 a hrub\u00e1. Obr\u00e1zky ukazuj\u00ed, jak vypadaj\u00ed vaj\u00ed\u010dka r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f mot\u00fdl\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Pak p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed druh\u00e1 f\u00e1ze \u2013 larva. Larvy mot\u00fdl\u016f obvykle vypadaj\u00ed jako mal\u00e9 housenky a od dosp\u011bl\u00fdch mot\u00fdl\u016f se li\u0161\u00ed sv\u00fdmi jasn\u00fdmi barvami a jedine\u010dn\u00fdmi vzory. V t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi larva aktivn\u011b roste a \u017eiv\u00ed se listy rostlin.<\/p>\n<p>T\u0159et\u00ed f\u00e1z\u00ed je kukla. Kukla je obdob\u00ed klidu, b\u011bhem kter\u00e9ho se z larvy vyvine dosp\u011bl\u00fd mot\u00fdl. Kukla m\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161inou ochrann\u00fd obal a m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt r\u016fzn\u00e9 tvary a barvy. Na obr\u00e1zc\u00edch m\u016f\u017eete vid\u011bt, jak vypad\u00e1 kukla u r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f mot\u00fdl\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Kone\u010dn\u011b posledn\u00edm st\u00e1diem je dosp\u011bl\u00fd mot\u00fdl. Dosp\u011bl\u00ed mot\u00fdli maj\u00ed kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 k\u0159\u00eddla a z\u00e1\u0159iv\u00e9 barvy, jejich obr\u00e1zky p\u0159itahuj\u00ed pozornost d\u011bt\u00ed. Mohou l\u00e9tat a \u017eivit se kv\u011btinov\u00fdm nektarem. Dosp\u011bl\u00ed mot\u00fdli tak\u00e9 hraj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou roli p\u0159i opylov\u00e1n\u00ed rostlin a udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n<h2>Proces p\u0159em\u011bny housenky na mot\u00fdla<\/h2>\n<h3>F\u00e1ze v\u00fdvoje mot\u00fdla na obr\u00e1zc\u00edch:<\/h3>\n<p><strong>1. Vejce:<\/strong> Proces za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 t\u00edm, \u017ee sami\u010dka mot\u00fdla polo\u017e\u00ed vaj\u00ed\u010dko na rostlinu, kter\u00e1 bude slou\u017eit jako potrava pro housenku. Vaj\u00ed\u010dko m\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u00e9 tvary a barvy, z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na druhu mot\u00fdla.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Housenka:<\/strong> Z vaj\u00ed\u010dka se vyl\u00edhne housenka, kter\u00e1 se za\u010dne aktivn\u011b krmit a r\u016fst. Housenka proch\u00e1z\u00ed n\u011bkolika f\u00e1zemi sv\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 larva. V tomto obdob\u00ed housenka zv\u011bt\u0161uje svou hmotu a m\u011bn\u00ed sv\u016fj vzhled.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Panenka:<\/strong> Po dosa\u017een\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 velikosti se housenka p\u0159estane krmit a hled\u00e1 vhodn\u00e9 m\u00edsto k p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b v kuklu. P\u0159ichyt\u00ed se k rostlin\u011b nebo jin\u00e9mu povrchu a vytvo\u0159\u00ed ochrann\u00fd obal zvan\u00fd kukla.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. Duch:<\/strong> Uvnit\u0159 kukly prob\u00edh\u00e1 v\u00fdvojov\u00e1 f\u00e1ze zvan\u00e1 ghosting. V t\u00e9to dob\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed k fyziologick\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m a formov\u00e1n\u00ed budouc\u00edho mot\u00fdla. V t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi jsou org\u00e1ny housenky zni\u010deny a vznikaj\u00ed nov\u00e9 org\u00e1ny mot\u00fdla.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5. Mot\u00fdl:<\/strong> Na konci f\u00e1ze duch\u016f se z kukly vyl\u00edhne dosp\u011bl\u00fd mot\u00fdl. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku m\u00e1 m\u011bkk\u00e1 a slo\u017een\u00e1 k\u0159\u00eddla, ale \u010dasem se vyhlad\u00ed a zpevn\u00ed. Mot\u00fdl je p\u0159ipraven k letu a za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 hledat partnera pro chov.<\/p>\n<p>Proces p\u0159em\u011bny housenky na mot\u00fdla tedy proch\u00e1z\u00ed n\u011bkolika v\u00fdvojov\u00fdmi f\u00e1zemi, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed vlastnosti a d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zm\u011bny v t\u011ble. Ka\u017edou f\u00e1zi tohoto \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9ho procesu lze pozorovat na obr\u00e1zc\u00edch, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed pochopit a obdivovat tuto neuv\u011b\u0159itelnou prom\u011bnu.<\/p>\n<h2>Rozmanitost tvar\u016f a barev mot\u00fdl\u016f<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/evolyutsiya-babochki-udivitelnie-kartinki-dlya-malishej-3mkya03z.jpg\" alt=\"Rozmanitost tvar\u016f a barev mot\u00fdl\u016f\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Mot\u00fdli jsou jedn\u00edm z nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a nej\u00fa\u017easn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch tvor\u016f na\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrody. P\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch tvarech a barv\u00e1ch, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e jsou tak atraktivn\u00ed na sledov\u00e1n\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00fd mot\u00fdl proch\u00e1z\u00ed n\u011bkolika v\u00fdvojov\u00fdmi f\u00e1zemi, kdy se z vaj\u00ed\u010dka p\u0159em\u011bn\u00ed v dosp\u011bl\u00e9ho hmyzu.<\/p>\n<p>V ka\u017ed\u00e9 f\u00e1zi v\u00fdvoje mot\u00fdla se jeho vzhled m\u011bn\u00ed. Z vaj\u00ed\u010dka se vyl\u00edhne housenka, kter\u00e1 se od dosp\u011bl\u00e9ho mot\u00fdla li\u0161\u00ed sv\u00fdm tvarem a barvou. Housenky jsou v r\u016fzn\u00fdch velikostech a barv\u00e1ch \u2013 mohou b\u00fdt zelen\u00e9, hn\u011bd\u00e9, \u010dern\u00e9 nebo pestrobarevn\u00e9. N\u011bkter\u00e9 housenky maj\u00ed na t\u011ble p\u016fsobiv\u00e9 rohy a ostny, kter\u00e9 jim pom\u00e1haj\u00ed br\u00e1nit se p\u0159ed pred\u00e1tory.<\/p>\n<p>Jakmile housenka dos\u00e1hne ur\u010dit\u00e9 velikosti, zm\u011bn\u00ed se v kuklu. V t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi u\u017e nevypad\u00e1 jako housenka \u2013 kukla m\u00e1 ochrann\u00fd obal, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt r\u016fzn\u00e9 barvy a tvary. N\u011bkter\u00e9 kukly maj\u00ed sv\u011btl\u00e9 vzory a skvrny, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt \u010dir\u00e9 nebo b\u00edl\u00e9. Uvnit\u0159 kukly prob\u00edhaj\u00ed \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9 procesy, v jejich\u017e d\u016fsledku se m\u011bn\u00ed v mot\u00fdla.<\/p>\n<p>Dosp\u011bl\u00ed mot\u00fdli m\u00edvaj\u00ed pest\u0159e zbarven\u00e1 k\u0159\u00eddla. Mohou b\u00fdt r\u016fzn\u00fdch barev - \u010derven\u00e1, modr\u00e1, oran\u017eov\u00e1, fialov\u00e1 a dokonce i \u010dern\u00e1. Mnoho druh\u016f mot\u00fdl\u016f m\u00e1 na k\u0159\u00eddlech r\u016fzn\u00e9 vzory, skvrny a pruhy. Slou\u017e\u00ed k upout\u00e1n\u00ed pozornosti ostatn\u00edch mot\u00fdl\u016f a chovatelsk\u00fdch partner\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Rozmanitost tvar\u016f a barev mot\u00fdl\u016f je tedy \u00fa\u017easn\u00e1 ve sv\u00e9 rozmanitosti. Dokonale demonstruj\u00ed tuto kr\u00e1su v r\u016fzn\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch sv\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky pro n\u00e1s, kdy\u017e je sledujeme.<\/p>\n<h2>Vlastnosti k\u0159\u00eddel u r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/evolyutsiya-babochki-udivitelnie-kartinki-dlya-malishej-26hktz3p.jpg\" alt=\"Vlastnosti k\u0159\u00eddel u r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f\"\/><\/p>\n<h3>R\u016fzn\u00e9 tvary a velikosti<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/evolyutsiya-babochki-udivitelnie-kartinki-dlya-malishej-br4pky15.jpg\" alt=\"R\u016fzn\u00e9 tvary a velikosti\"\/><\/p>\n<p>R\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy mot\u00fdl\u016f maj\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddla r\u016fzn\u00fdch tvar\u016f a velikost\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy maj\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e1 a zaoblen\u00e1 k\u0159\u00eddla, jin\u00e9 jsou \u00fazk\u00e9 a \u0161pi\u010dat\u00e9. Existuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 mot\u00fdli s hladce zak\u0159iven\u00fdmi k\u0159\u00eddly nebo s vy\u010dn\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edmi \u0161pi\u010dkami.<\/p>\n<h3>Rozmanitost barev<\/h3>\n<p>Mot\u00fdl\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddla mohou b\u00fdt nat\u0159ena v \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le barev a odst\u00edn\u016f. N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy maj\u00ed jasn\u00e9 a syt\u00e9 barvy, jin\u00e9 maj\u00ed jemn\u00e9 pastelov\u00e9 t\u00f3ny. Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b p\u016fsobiv\u00e9 jsou druhy, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed na k\u0159\u00eddlech r\u016fzn\u00e9 vzory a vzory.<\/p>\n<h3>pr\u016fhledn\u00e1 k\u0159\u00eddla<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/evolyutsiya-babochki-udivitelnie-kartinki-dlya-malishej-kjp307k0.jpg\" alt=\"pr\u016fhledn\u00e1 k\u0159\u00eddla\"\/><\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy mot\u00fdl\u016f maj\u00ed pr\u016fhlednou strukturu k\u0159\u00eddel, co\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed efekt. Tito mot\u00fdli vypadaj\u00ed velmi jemn\u011b a k\u0159ehce, jejich k\u0159\u00eddla propou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed sv\u011btlo a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed hru barev a odlesk\u016f.<\/p>\n<h3>F\u00e1ze v\u00fdvoje mot\u00fdla na obr\u00e1zc\u00edch<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/evolyutsiya-babochki-udivitelnie-kartinki-dlya-malishej-8phm4mna.jpg\" alt=\"F\u00e1ze v\u00fdvoje mot\u00fdla na obr\u00e1zc\u00edch\"\/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/evolyutsiya-babochki-udivitelnie-kartinki-dlya-malishej-f9fppdp7.jpg\" alt=\"F\u00e1ze v\u00fdvoje mot\u00fdla na obr\u00e1zc\u00edch\"\/><\/p>\n<p>K\u0159\u00eddla mot\u00fdla jsou nejen jeho hlavn\u00edm org\u00e1nem letu, ale slou\u017e\u00ed tak\u00e9 jako obrann\u00fd mechanismus. Mohou slou\u017eit jako kamufl\u00e1\u017e, pom\u00e1haj\u00edc\u00ed mot\u00fdlovi schovat se p\u0159ed nep\u0159\u00e1teli, nebo slou\u017eit jako sign\u00e1l, varuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159ed jeho jedovatost\u00ed. K\u0159\u00eddla tak\u00e9 hraj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v reproduk\u010dn\u00edm procesu mot\u00fdl\u016f, proto\u017ee obsahuj\u00ed feromony, kter\u00e9 p\u0159itahuj\u00ed p\u00e1\u0159\u00edc\u00ed partnery.<\/p>\n<h2>\u017divotn\u00ed cyklus mot\u00fdla: od vaj\u00ed\u010dka po smrt<\/h2>\n<h3>F\u00e1ze v\u00fdvoje mot\u00fdla na obr\u00e1zc\u00edch<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Vejce<\/strong>: \u017divotn\u00ed cyklus mot\u00fdla za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 vaj\u00ed\u010dkem. Mot\u00fdl klade vaj\u00ed\u010dka na listy rostlin. Vejce jsou obvykle mal\u00e1 a kulat\u00e1. Mohou m\u00edt r\u016fzn\u00e9 barvy a vzory. Na obr\u00e1zc\u00edch m\u016f\u017eete vid\u011bt r\u016fzn\u00e9 verze mot\u00fdl\u00edch vaj\u00ed\u010dek.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Housenka<\/strong>: Z vaj\u00ed\u010dka se vyl\u00edhne housenka. Housenka je prvn\u00edm st\u00e1diem v\u00fdvoje mot\u00fdla. M\u00e1 dlouh\u00e9 t\u011blo a mnoho nohou. Housenky se \u017eiv\u00ed rostlinnou hmotou, obvykle listy. Na obr\u00e1zc\u00edch m\u016f\u017eete vid\u011bt r\u016fzn\u00e9 verze housenek r\u016fzn\u00fdch mot\u00fdl\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>kukly<\/strong>: Pot\u00e9, co housenka se\u017eere a vyroste, zm\u011bn\u00ed se v kuklu. Kukla je druh\u00fdm st\u00e1diem v\u00fdvoje mot\u00fdla. Kukla m\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161inou obal, kter\u00fd chr\u00e1n\u00ed housenku p\u0159ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi vlivy. Uvnit\u0159 kukly doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke zm\u011bn\u00e1m a mot\u00fdl se p\u0159ipravuje na vyno\u0159en\u00ed. Na obr\u00e1zc\u00edch m\u016f\u017eete vid\u011bt r\u016fzn\u00e9 verze mot\u00fdl\u00edch kukel.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mot\u00fdl<\/strong>: Po dokon\u010den\u00ed transforma\u010dn\u00edho procesu uvnit\u0159 kukly mot\u00fdl vylet\u00ed z kukly. M\u00e1 k\u0159\u00eddla, kter\u00e1 j\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed l\u00e9tat. Mot\u00fdl m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt r\u016fzn\u00e9 barvy a vzory. \u017div\u00ed se kv\u011btinami a nektarem. Na obr\u00e1zc\u00edch m\u016f\u017eete vid\u011bt r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy mot\u00fdl\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Smrt<\/strong>: \u017divotn\u00ed cyklus mot\u00fdla kon\u010d\u00ed smrt\u00ed. Mot\u00fdli obvykle ne\u017eij\u00ed dlouho, od n\u011bkolika dn\u016f do n\u011bkolika t\u00fddn\u016f. Kdy\u017e mot\u00fdl zem\u0159e, zanech\u00e1 za sebou vaj\u00ed\u010dka, aby mohl znovu za\u010d\u00edt nov\u00fd cyklus v\u00fdvoje. Na obr\u00e1zc\u00edch m\u016f\u017eete vid\u011bt obr\u00e1zky mrtv\u00fdch mot\u00fdl\u016f.<\/p>\n<h2>Biotopy a migrace mot\u00fdl\u016f<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/evolyutsiya-babochki-udivitelnie-kartinki-dlya-malishej-d8h5959g.jpg\" alt=\"Biotopy a migrace mot\u00fdl\u016f\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Mot\u00fdli jsou jedny z nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a nejrozmanit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch druh\u016f hmyzu na planet\u011b. Maj\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9 schopnosti a kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 barvy, kter\u00e9 p\u0159itahuj\u00ed pozornost t\u011bch nejmen\u0161\u00edch. Mot\u00fdli \u017eij\u00ed na r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edstech: lesy, pole, zahrady a dokonce i m\u011bstsk\u00e9 parky.<\/p>\n<p>F\u00e1ze v\u00fdvoje mot\u00fdla na obr\u00e1zc\u00edch v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed pozorovat \u00fa\u017easn\u00fd proces p\u0159em\u011bny housenky na kr\u00e1sn\u00e9ho mot\u00fdla. Po\u010d\u00ednaje vaj\u00ed\u010dkem proch\u00e1zej\u00ed housenky n\u011bkolika st\u00e1dii v\u00fdvoje, dokud se nestanou kuklou. Uvnit\u0159 kukly doch\u00e1z\u00ed k metamorf\u00f3z\u00e1m a nakonec z kukly vyl\u00e9tne pln\u011b vytvo\u0159en\u00fd mot\u00fdl.<\/p>\n<p>Mnoho druh\u016f mot\u00fdl\u016f migruje na velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch podm\u00ednek pro chov a krmen\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy p\u0159ekon\u00e1vaj\u00ed oce\u00e1ny a let\u00ed tis\u00edce kilometr\u016f, aby dos\u00e1hly sv\u00e9ho c\u00edle. Takov\u00e9 migrace jsou skute\u010dn\u00fdm z\u00e1zrakem p\u0159\u00edrody a p\u016fsobivou pod\u00edvanou na sledov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Studium stanovi\u0161\u0165 a migrac\u00ed mot\u00fdl\u016f n\u00e1m pom\u00e1h\u00e1 l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bt a chr\u00e1nit tento jedine\u010dn\u00fd druh hmyzu. M\u016f\u017eeme vytvo\u0159it speci\u00e1ln\u00ed zahrady, kter\u00e9 p\u0159itahuj\u00ed mot\u00fdly, vysazovat rostliny, kter\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed potravu pro mot\u00fdly, a pod\u00edlet se na projektech sledov\u00e1n\u00ed migrace. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1me k zachov\u00e1n\u00ed biodiverzity a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch kr\u00e1s.<\/p>\n<h2>Pohyblivost a zp\u016fsoby pohybu mot\u00fdl\u016f<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/evolyutsiya-babochki-udivitelnie-kartinki-dlya-malishej-zm5rmt77.jpg\" alt=\"Pohyblivost a zp\u016fsoby pohybu mot\u00fdl\u016f\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Mot\u00fdli jsou ok\u0159\u00eddlen\u00fd hmyz, kter\u00fd proch\u00e1z\u00ed n\u011bkolika f\u00e1zemi v\u00fdvoje, ne\u017e se zm\u011bn\u00ed v kr\u00e1sn\u00fd hmyz. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 f\u00e1ze v\u00fdvoje mot\u00fdla m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed charakteristiky a zp\u016fsoby pohybu.<\/p>\n<h3>Vejce<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/evolyutsiya-babochki-udivitelnie-kartinki-dlya-malishej-hc79f59a.jpg\" alt=\"Vejce\"\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Prvn\u00ed f\u00e1ze v\u00fdvoje mot\u00fdla<\/strong> - To jsou vejce. Mot\u00fdl\u00ed vaj\u00ed\u010dka jsou obvykle velmi mal\u00e1 a kulat\u00e1. Mohou m\u00edt r\u016fzn\u00e9 barvy a tvary v z\u00e1vislosti na druhu mot\u00fdla. Vaj\u00ed\u010dka jsou obvykle p\u0159ipevn\u011bna k list\u016fm rostlin, aby poskytovala potravu pro budouc\u00ed housenku.<\/p>\n<h3>housenky<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Druh\u00e1 f\u00e1ze v\u00fdvoje mot\u00fdla<\/strong> - To jsou housenky. Housenky jsou nejhladov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1z\u00ed \u017eivota mot\u00fdla. Aktivn\u011b se \u017eiv\u00ed listy rostlin, aby z\u00edskali dostatek \u017eivin pro n\u00e1sledn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj. Housenky se pohybuj\u00ed tak, \u017ee lezou po povrchu rostlin pomoc\u00ed nohou a \u0161t\u011btin.<\/p>\n<h3>kukly<\/h3>\n<p><strong>T\u0159et\u00ed f\u00e1ze v\u00fdvoje mot\u00fdla<\/strong> - Tohle je panenka. Kukly se tvo\u0159\u00ed z housenek, kdy\u017e dokon\u010d\u00ed sv\u016fj r\u016fst a p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed se na p\u0159em\u011bnu v mot\u00fdly. Kukly se nemohou pohybovat, proto\u017ee jsou v ochrann\u00e9m obalu, ale uvnit\u0159 nich prob\u00edhaj\u00ed transforma\u010dn\u00ed procesy.<\/p>\n<h3>mot\u00fdli<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u010ctvrt\u00e1 a posledn\u00ed f\u00e1ze v\u00fdvoje mot\u00fdla<\/strong> - to je samotn\u00fd mot\u00fdl. Kdy\u017e je proces transformace v kukly dokon\u010den, mot\u00fdl vylet\u00ed z ochrann\u00e9ho krytu a m\u016f\u017ee se pohybovat pomoc\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddel. Mot\u00fdli jsou schopni l\u00e9tat, vzn\u00e1\u0161et se a man\u00e9vrovat ve vzduchu. P\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed potravy a p\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed mohou cestovat na velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti.<\/p>\n<h2>Interakce mot\u00fdl\u016f s prost\u0159ed\u00edm<\/h2>\n<p><strong>mot\u00fdli<\/strong> - to jsou \u00fa\u017easn\u00e1 stvo\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 proch\u00e1zej\u00ed \u0159adou <em>v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 f\u00e1ze<\/em> ne\u017e se vyvine v dosp\u011bl\u00fd hmyz. Interakce mot\u00fdl\u016f s jejich prost\u0159ed\u00edm za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 jejich kladen\u00edm vaj\u00ed\u010dek.<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e <strong>mot\u00fdl<\/strong> klade vaj\u00ed\u010dka, vyb\u00edr\u00e1 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed rostliny, kter\u00e9 poslou\u017e\u00ed jako potrava pro jej\u00ed budouc\u00ed housenky. Ka\u017ed\u00fd druh mot\u00fdla preferuje ur\u010dit\u00e9 rostliny, tak\u017ee v\u00fdb\u011br m\u00edsta pro kladen\u00ed vaj\u00ed\u010dek je nesm\u00edrn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Po vyl\u00edhnut\u00ed vaj\u00ed\u010dek to za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 <em>housenkov\u00e1 f\u00e1ze<\/em>. Housenky se aktivn\u011b \u017eiv\u00ed rostlinami, na kter\u00fdch jsou. Jed\u00ed listy, kv\u011bty a dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti rostlin, aby z\u00edskali z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u017eiviny pro sv\u016fj r\u016fst a v\u00fdvoj.<\/p>\n<p>Interakce mot\u00fdla s jeho prost\u0159ed\u00edm pokra\u010duje, zat\u00edmco se housenka p\u0159ipravuje st\u00e1t se kuklou. Hled\u00e1 vhodn\u00e9 m\u00edsto pro z\u00e1dovou op\u011brku, kde bude bezpe\u010dn\u011b tr\u00e1vit toto obdob\u00ed. Housenka pak vytvo\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1motek nebo st\u0159\u00edb\u0159itou rybku, ve kter\u00e9 doch\u00e1z\u00ed k procesu metamorf\u00f3zy.<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e p\u0159ijde \u010das, kukla se prom\u011bn\u00ed v <strong>mot\u00fdl<\/strong>. Vylet\u00ed ze sv\u00e9ho \u00fakrytu a za\u010dne hledat partnera pro chov. Mot\u00fdli interaguj\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi mot\u00fdly pomoc\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edch sign\u00e1l\u016f a pach\u016f, aby p\u0159it\u00e1hli pozornost a sd\u011blili informace o jejich p\u0159ipravenosti k rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Interakce mot\u00fdl\u016f s jejich prost\u0159ed\u00edm je tedy d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm faktorem v jejich \u017eivotn\u00edm cyklu. P\u0159i krmen\u00ed housenek z\u00e1vis\u00ed na ur\u010dit\u00fdch rostlin\u00e1ch a maj\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed mechanismy, jak p\u0159il\u00e1kat partnery a rozmno\u017eovat se. Studium t\u011bchto interakc\u00ed n\u00e1m pom\u00e1h\u00e1 l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bt a ocenit kr\u00e1su a jedine\u010dnost t\u011bchto jemn\u00fdch tvor\u016f.<\/p>\n<h2>Video:<\/h2>\n<h3>O mot\u00fdlech. vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed video<\/h3>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"750\" height=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/1DNXCLM5fY4\" title=\"Mot\u00fdl\u00ed v\u00fdvoj: \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky pro d\u011bti\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>F\u00e1ze v\u00fdvoje mot\u00fdl\u016f na obr\u00e1zc\u00edch jsou \u00fa\u017easn\u00fdm a vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edm pohledem, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee zaujmout i ty nejmen\u0161\u00ed d\u011bti. Ka\u017ed\u00fd mot\u00fdl proch\u00e1z\u00ed n\u011bkolika f\u00e1zemi v\u00fdvoje - od vaj\u00ed\u010dka po dosp\u011bl\u00fd hmyz. Prvn\u00ed f\u00e1ze je <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/pro-babochek.ru\/cs\/udivitelnaya-evolyutsiya-babochek-yarkie-illyustratsii-dlya\" title=\"\u00da\u017easn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj mot\u00fdl\u016f: barevn\u00e9 ilustrace pro mal\u00e9 d\u011bti\">[\u2026]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24446,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"crb-meta-links":"","crb-meta-show":"","crb-meta-show-edited":"","crb-meta-use-manual":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-22593","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-blog"},"yoast_head":"<title>\u042d\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438: \u0443\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0435\u0439<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0424\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0445 - 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